Wednesday, December 21, 2016

STUDY OF A COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

STUDY OF A COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
Microscope Picture

Microscope: - The microscope was invented by Antony van Leeuwen-Hoeck. It is an instrument                  by which very small things can be seen which are not seen by the Naked Eye.
                         A compound microscope essentially consists of the following Parts.

Microscope With Parts Name

Parts of Compound Microscope
1.       The Stand :- It comprises a “Heavy Foot”, often shapes like a “Horse Shoe”,   to provide stability;
And the Limb which bears the optical System. The limb is attached to the foot by a Hinged Joint so that the Microscope may be set at a Comfortable Angle for the observer.  


2.       The Optical System :- It is mounted on the tube which is usually in Two Parts.
                                                                     i.            An External Tube which bears at its lower end a revolving Nose Piece in which inter-changeable three objective lenses of various magnifications are fitted:
a.)    Low Power:- 10x
a.)    High Power:- 40x
b.)    Oil immersion:- 100x

Microscope Lenses 10x , 40x , and 100x oil immersion

                                                                   ii.            An Inner Draw Tube that carries the eye piece (Magnification 10x) at its  upper end

10x Wide Field Eye Piece (Magnification 10x)


NOTE:- The objective lenses can be identified by magnification imprinted on them. In addition , oil – immersion lens has a black rim around its lower end. It has been become customary for the objective lenses to be marked with their magnifying power rather than their focal length. The approximate equivalents are as follows:

Focal length (mm)                                                          Magnification
            2                                                                                    100x
            4                                                                                     40x
            16                                                                                   10x
            40                                                                                    4x

Objective lenses – low, high and oil – immersion lens

3.       The Body: - The   whole  assembly   is  held  in  position   by  the   body   which   consists  of   Two                       Mechanisms:- The Coarse and Fine Adjustments. With the help of these adjustments   the height of the tube can be adjusted in such a way so that the objective lens can be positioned at its optimal working distance (i.e. its focal length) from the object to be examined. The fine adjustment is usually graduated in 1/50ths and each division corresponds to a movement of 0.002 mm of the tube. It is used for accurate focusing.
Coarse and Fine Adjustment of Microscope            

4.       The Stage: - It is a platform that accommodates a glass slide on which the object to be examined
        is mounted. It is attached to the limb immediately below the level of the objective lens and has an aperture in the centre to permit light to reach the object.                   A Mechanical Stage is fitted to the fixed stage so that the object may be moved from side to side and before backwards.

 Mechanical Stage of Microscope                          

5.       The Sub-Stage: - It lies  beneath  the  stage  which can be lowered or raised by means of a screw.
The Stage is fitted with a Condenser and Iris Diaphragm.
(i)      The Condenser consists of two lenses, it serves to condense the rays of light and to focus them on the object. The height of condenser and, therefore, the focus of light can be varied.
(ii)    Immediately below the condenser is the Iris Diaphragm that can control the amount of light reaching the object.

Sub - Stage (Condenser with Iris-Diaphragm)

6.       The Mirror: - Fitted to  the  tail  piece  below  the  condenser is a hinged double reflecting mirror
which is plane on one side and concave on the other. The plane side of the mirror is used when the condenser is used. The mirror can be tilted and rotated in all directions.
     Digital Mirror and Simple (Sunlight) Mirror




Thanking You
☺☺☺☺☺

No comments:

Post a Comment